This does not mean going on a special diet; simply follow general healthy eating guidelines, found in the BDA Healthy Eating food fact sheet.

If you are pregnant, you should aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity per day. If you have not been exercising, begin with no more than 15 minutes, three times per week - then increase gradually to 30 minutes. Those who regularly exercise before pregnancy are safe to continue. Top tips Use third person—“Health professionals are encouraged to ask all women in pregnancy about substance use. Is it OK if we explore this?” Physiological withdrawal state when substance use is stopped or reduced (symptoms vary depending on the substance); may also be associated with use of the substance (or a closely related one) to relieve or avoid the withdrawal symptoms Makes a great gift - whether its a gift for pregnant friend, a wife, daughter or colleague. the pregnancy memory book is protected in a sturdy box for keeping your pregnancy books for years to come. Pregnancy and pre-pregnancy are both good times to think about healthy eating. What you eat now will help your baby to grow and develop healthily, giving them the best start in life. It will also be good for your health. This fact sheet is intended to support those considering pregnancy and those already pregnant with making healthy lifestyle choices. Healthy eating during pregnancy

What are the benefits of keeping a pregnancy journal?

To define light, moderate and heavy smokers, most studies [ 38, 39, 46, 62, 63, 64] chose smoking 10 cigarettes daily as a cut-off point to distinguish light smokers from moderate and heavy smokers. In some studies [ 4, 39, 46, 61, 64], both 10 cigarettes daily and 20 cigarettes daily were utilised as the thresholds. In one review the number of cigarettes consumed daily for each category was inconsistent [ 65]. All studies estimated the risk ratios compared to non-smokers [ 66], except for one review, in which light smokers were compared to moderate smokers.

Hill AB. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc R Soc Med. 1965;58(5):295–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/003591576505800503. British Association for Psychopharmacology. Consensus guidance on the use of psychotropic medication preconception, in pregnancy and postpartum 2017. https://www.bap.org.uk/pdfs/BAP_Guidelines-Perinatal.pdf Constipation - Eat wholemeal bread, high-fibre breakfast cereal, fruit and vegetables, drink plenty of water daily and regular physical activity. Wang M, Wang ZP, Zhang M, Zhao ZT. Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and neural tube defects in offspring: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014;289(3):513–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-013-2997-3.Wyszynski DF, Duffy DL, Beaty TH. Maternal cigarette smoking and oral clefts: a meta-analysis. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1997;34(3):206–10. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1997_034_0206_mcsaoc_2.3.co_2. Fernandes M, Yang X, Li JY, Cheikh IL. Smoking during pregnancy and vision difficulties in children: a systematic review. Acta Ophthalmol. 2015;93(3):213–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.12627. Wendland EM, Pinto ME, Duncan BB, Belizán JM, Schmidt MI. Cigarette smoking and risk of gestational diabetes: a systematic review of observational studies. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2008;8(1):53. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-8-53. Multivitamin:If you are taking a prenatal multivitamin, ensure that you only take the recommended dose as high levels of certain vitamins and minerals can be toxic to you and your baby. Do not take vitamin supplements that have vitamin A (retinol) in when you are pregnant as high levels can cause harm to your baby. How to manage possible side effects during pregnancy Park SK, Kang D, McGlynn KA, Garcia-Closas M, Kim Y, Yoo KY, et al. Intrauterine environments and breast cancer risk: meta-analysis and systematic review. Breast Cancer Res. 2008;10(1):R8. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr1850.

Studies found a smoking-related increased risk for 20 conditions and the highest impact was observed for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (OR = 2.98, 95% CI, 2.51–3.54) [ 24], asthma (OR = 1.85, 95% CI, 1.35–2.53) [ 1], LBW (OR = 1.75, 95% CI, 1.42–2.10), stillbirth (OR = 1.55, 95% CI, 1.36–1.78) [ 38] and obesity (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.37–1.88) [ 43]. Studies did not find any significant association between 15 conditions and SDP, including autism, brain tumors, breast cancer in daughters and testicular cancer in sons. On the other hand, a protective impact on skin defects was observed in one review [ 44]. Bruin JE, Gerstein HC, Holloway AC. Long-term consequences of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure: a critical review. Toxicol Sci. 2010;116(2):364–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfq103. If a child of an opioid using mother has been taken into care after birth, the woman may be at increased risk of suicide. 48 Advise her of the risks of smoking and of alcohol and cannabis use during pregnancy. The biggest risk for her pregnancy at present is her smoking.Weng SF, Redsell SA, Swift JA, Yang M, Glazebrook CP. Systematic review and meta-analyses of risk factors for childhood overweight identifiable during infancy. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97(12):1019–26. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-302263. Benzodiazepine use is often comorbid with other substance use 49 and may exacerbate the neonatal abstinence syndrome associated with opioid use during pregnancy. However, consider and ask about benzodiazepine use (including prescribed benzodiazepines) in all pregnant women. Little J, Cardy A, Munger RG. Tobacco smoking and oral clefts: a meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82(3):213–8. Smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is a significant public health concern due to adverse health outcomes on mothers and infants, such as miscarriage, low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, and asthma [ 1, 2, 3, 4]. The prevalence of SDP is around 10% in high-income countries (HICs) [ 5, 6, 7] and 3% in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) [ 8]. Caleyachetty R, Tait CA, Kengne AP, Corvalan C, Uauy R, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Tobacco use in pregnant women: analysis of data from demographic and health surveys from 54 low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2(9):e513–e20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70283-9.

Marufu TC, Ahankari A, Coleman T, Lewis S. Maternal smoking and the risk of still birth: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):239. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1552-5. Bath SC, Steer CD, Golding J, Emmett P, Rayman MP. Effect of inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women on cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Lancet. 2013 Jul 27;382(9889):331–7. Flenady V, Koopmans L, Middleton P, Froen J, Smith GC, Gibbons K, et al. Major risk factors for stillbirth in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011;377(9774):1331–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62233-7.Chilled food should be stored at the correct temperature (below 5°C). Foods should not be eaten after the ‘use by’ date. Wash soil from fruit, vegetables and salad. Alcohol in pregnancy Andres RL, Day M-C. Perinatal complications associated with maternal tobacco use. Semin Neonatol. 2000;5(3):231–41. https://doi.org/10.1053/siny.2000.0025. Jones LL, Hassanien A, Cook DG, Britton J, Leonardi-Bee J. Parental smoking and the risk of middle ear disease in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012;166(1):18–27. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.158.