100 x Urine Test Strips for Infection Cystitis Testing Sticks, UTI, Nitrite, Leukocytes, 8 Parameter Urinalysis Multisticks

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Bright red/red-brown: may indicate presence of blood (haematuria). Menstruation should be ruled out in females Bilirubin is a chemical produced when red blood cells are broken down. It is transported in the blood to the liver, where it is processed and excreted into the gut as a constituent of bile. In the gut, bacteria acts on the bilirubin to transform it into urobiligen. It is usual for urine to contain urobiligen but not bilirubin. Bilirubin in the urine may be an indicator of a breakdown of red blood cells. It may not be effectively removed by the liver, which may suggest liver disease or a problem with drainage of bile into the gut, such as gall stones. Nitrites

a b c Strasinger, Susan K.; Di Lorenzo Schaub, Marjorie (2008). "5". Análisis de orina y de los líquidos corporales (in Spanish) (5ªed.). Editorial panamericana. pp.73–75. ISBN 978-950-06-1938-7 . Retrieved 14 March 2012. Use a fresh sample of urine (preferably less than 4 hours old or in line with the reagent strip manufacturer’s instructions to obtain accurate results. Bilirubin and urobilinogen are relatively unstable compounds when left in light or at room temperature; Wait for manufacturer’s recommended time to elapse, holding strip in horizontal position to prevent interaction between adjacent test pads Strasinger, Susan K.; Di Lorenzo Schaub, Marjorie (2008). "5". Análisis de orina y de los líquidos corporales (in Spanish) (5ªed.). Editorial panamericana. pp.56–57. ISBN 978-950-06-1938-7 . Retrieved 14 March 2012. Baillie L, Arrowsmith V (2005) Meeting elimination needs. In: Baillie L (ed) Developing Practical Nursing Skills. London: Hodder Arnold.UA is in general easily available and relatively inexpensive. It is also a simple test and can provide many useful information about various diseases and conditions. Some physicians refer to urinalysis as "a poor man's kidney biopsy" because of the plethora of information that can be obtained about the health of the kidney or other internal diseases by this simple test.

Yetisen A. K. (2013). "Paper-based microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices". Lab on a Chip. 13 (12): 2210–2251. doi: 10.1039/C3LC50169H. PMID 23652632.Cystitis is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI), although it can be caused by having an STI. However, much like an STI, you can pass on the bacteria that causes UTIs to your partner when you are having sex. You do not need to tell your previous sexual partners if you do have a UTI, but you should avoid sex until your treatment has ended. This is because having sex with a UTI can cause you pain and discomfort. One of the kidneys’ important functions is to reabsorb water after glomerular filtration. The complex process of reabsorption is usually one of the first renal functions to be affected by disease. The specific gravity of urine is a measure of its density compared to H 2O and depends on the quantity and density of solutes (molecules with more mass per volume increase measure of specific gravity). The measurement of specific gravity should not be confused with the measurement of osmotic concentration, which is more related to the number of particles than with their mass. [7] Substances that can cause cloudiness but are not harmful include mucus, sperm, prostatic fluid and skin cells. Other substances that make urine cloudy are white/red blood cells, pus or bacteria that need attention. Frothy urine signifies protein in the urine. H 2O 2 + Chromogen → Oxidised chromogen (coloured) + H 2OThe reaction is not only catalysed by blood hemoglobin, other globins with a hem group such as myoglobin can also catalyse the same reaction. [13] Each test will be colour-coded and there will be several different shades of that colour. A darker shade indicates that there is more of the relevant substance - blood, glucose etc - in your urine.