A live model, or a photo, is a real human figure that you can look at for reference. There really is no comparison. George RM. Anatomical and artistic guidelines for forensic facial reconstruction. In: Iscan MY, Helmer RP, editors. Forensic Analysis of the Skull. New York: Wiley Liss Inc.; 1993. pp. 215–227. [ Google Scholar] Understanding how bones and muscles move can mean the difference between drawing something that looks flat and drawing something that looks like a three-dimensional human body. Ten percent of victims of the Tsunami and fifty percent of victims of the Bali bombing of 12 October 2002 were wrongly identified by facial recognition ( Lain et al. 2003). The social, legal and religious implications of misidentification are enormous. International investigative authorities advocate that it is vital to identify the deceased to allow remains to be returned to their families for proper recognition and religious observance, for grieving and acceptance of death and for judicial matters of estate ( Lain et al. 2003). With mass disasters such as these, the usual accepted methods of identification are often inappropriate and the importance of unusual and less definitive methods of identification has been recognized. The technique of facial reconstruction can help resolve many stalemates within identification investigations ( Wilkinson, 2006). Prag AJNW. Proportion and personality in the Fayum Portraits. BMSAES. 2002; 3:55–63. http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/bmsaes/issue3/prag.html. [ Google Scholar]

20 ANATOMY BOOKS FOR ARTISTS IN 2022 TOP 20 ANATOMY BOOKS FOR ARTISTS IN 2022

Krogman WM, İşcan MY. The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas; 1986. [ Google Scholar] Use this technique subtly and thoughtfully to add depth and character to your figures without losing their anatomical correctness. Play around with it until you find what works best for your artistic vision! If done correctly, they can give your drawing a three-dimensional look. If not done correctly, they will make your drawing look artificial.How do you get better at drawing facial expressions? By practicing. Before drawing facial expressions, ensure you can draw facial features proportionately to each other. They enhance movement: Properly drawn muscles can significantly improve action credibility in your drawings. great tuberosity of the humerus; 17, musculo-spiral groove; 18, epicondyle; 19, radius; 20, ulna; 21, Hansen J. Bach through the Mirror of Medicine. Eisenach: Bachhaus; 2008. Exhibition catalogue. [ Google Scholar]

Anatomy for the Artist

Rynn C. Craniofacial approximation and reconstruction: tissue depth patterning and the prediction of the nose. University of Dundee; 2006. PhD dissertation. [ Google Scholar] vertebra; 8, lumbar vertebræ; 9, sacrum; 10, coccygeal vertebræ; 11, anterior extremity of the sternum; 12, xiphoid

radius; 22, carpus; 23, pisiform; 24, metacarpus; 25, sesamoid bones; 26, phalanges; 27, ilium, iliac crest; 28, pubis;