Elements are matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. On the periodic table, each element is distinguished by its atomic number, which describes the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms. The next generation of seeded stars were then able to produce other, heavier elements such as carbon, magnesium and nearly every element in the periodic table. Any element in your body that is heavier than iron has travelled through at least one supernova. Every year, more people are reading our articles to learn about the challenges facing the natural world. Our future depends on nature, but we are not doing enough to protect our life support system. Pollution has caused toxic air in our cities, and farming and logging have wreaked havoc on our forests. Climate change is creating deserts and dead zones, and hunting is driving many species to the brink of extinction. This is the first time in Earth's history that a single species - humanity - has brought such disaster upon the natural world. But if we don't look after nature, nature can't look after us. We must act on scientific evidence, we must act together, and we must act now. The brand: This international fashion house is also a key player on the luxury beauty scene, and has been ever since they first launched in 2000. The makeup takes a cue from the fashion, with the same timeless, classic vibe, not to mention incredibly high-performing formulas. And yes, ICYW, Mr. Armani himself is in fact very involved.

The burning that takes place inside stars draws on a huge amount of fuel and creates an enormous amount of energy. Presenter: Wow, teeny tiny. Well, is there a way to help us visualise atoms to help us learn about them? The hero product: It’s a tough call to make, but we’re going to say it’s their latest launch. Five Byrdie editors (all with different types of lashes and mascara preferences) took The Big Clean Volumizing + Lash Care Mascara for a test run—and all loved it. Creating the standout formula was no easy feat; it took the brand over 104 iterations to get it right. It touts a seriously oversized, curved brush to help curl each and every lash, and a volumizing, buildable, clump-free formula infused with hair-conditioning ingredients. Teacher: But a piece of pure gold will contain only gold atoms, whereas a piece of pure lead will contain only lead atoms. Change the plan you will roll onto at any time during your trial by visiting the “Settings & Account” section. What happens at the end of my trial?

The brand: With a tagline that reads “spellbinding natural color,” and product names like Devil’s Claw and Love Spell, there’s a distinct mystical, magical vibe to this brand, which still flies somewhat under the radar.It’s a favorite of Byrdie Editorial Director Faith Xue, who refers to it as, “witchy makeup,” and is also a standout clean option; all of the products are made with 99 percent natural ingredients. Unique colors and textures are also a mainstay.

Writing astutely about the complex yet fascinating world of cosmetics, Rae Nudson shines a light on what is now a multibillion-dollar global business. She explores hidden secrets, unravels complex social mores, and examines the psychological power plays about makeup in a nuanced narrative. A perceptive approach to what is actually a very intricate topic masquerading behind a façade of frivolity.”Journalist Nudson offers a strong argument that makeup affects everyone, whether they wear it or not.”

The hero product: Byrdie associate editorial director Holly Rhue calls Soft Pinch Liquid Blush, “a blush for people afraid of blush,” a liquid formula that melts into skin for naturally flushed cheeks. It’s basically foolproof, even for those who are devoted powder blush users, and we also appreciate that it comes in four shades in both matte and radiant finishes. The hero product: Blurring the line between concealer and foundation, The Sensual Skin Enhancer is one of the brand’s best-selling products for good reason. It’s crazy, crazy pigmented (so a little goes a long way), perfect for spot correcting areas, or buffing out for more allover coverage. Still, it’s non-cakey and contains plenty of hydrating and smoothing ingredients to never settle into fine lines, and comes in a nice line-up of 16 shades. The brand: Plenty of brands tout using skincare ingredients in their formulas (and many do), but this is the only makeup line we’ve seen created in partnership with plastic surgeons. The end result? High-tech formulas filled with good-for-your-skin actives, that truly make a difference for your complexion both immediately and in the long-term. It’s no surprise that they're known for their complexion-perfecting products, a go-to for many women, particularly those with issues such as rosacea (including founder Jamie Kern Lima) and acne. Teacher: No, elements are made of only one type of atom. So, different elements are made of different atoms. For example, we've got lead and we've got gold. They're both elements. An atom is the simplest particle of an element. In a particle diagram, atoms are represented by a single coloured circle. When atoms of two or more elements bond together, they make a compound. These clusters of strongly bonded atoms are called molecules. See how they're represented by two circles of different size and colour that are joined together. This particle diagram represents water or, to use its chemical formula, H₂O which is a compound of the elements hydrogen and oxygen.

The brand: Widely considered the first celebrity makeup artist, Kevyn Aucoin rose to fame as the go-to for a litany of Hollywood’s elite, including it-girl supermodels of the 1980s. He also thought outside the box, breaking many rules of the time, think using fingers over brushes, and pioneering a clean face look. The brand launched in 2001, only a year before his death, and continues to emphasize the same focus on naturally gorgeous beauty that works for real life and the red carpet. Presenter: OK, let's make sense of all this with Mrs Roberts. Are elements made up of a mixture of different types of atoms?

We think that the universe began 13 or 14 billion years ago, with the Big Bang. At that point only the lightest elements existed, such as hydrogen, helium and minuscule amounts of lithium. As noted in the introduction to this article, an atom consists largely of empty space. The nucleus is the positively charged centre of an atom and contains most of its mass. It is composed of protons, which have a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no charge. Protons, neutrons, and the electrons surrounding them are long-lived particles present in all ordinary, naturally occurring atoms. Other subatomic particles may be found in association with these three types of particles. They can be created only with the addition of enormous amounts of energy, however, and are very short-lived.An exuberant critical study of how cosmetics and beauty culture shape the world and everyone in it.” The hero product: Iman Cosmetics boasts plenty of great foundations, concealers, and powders, but the brand's Luxury Concealing Foundation may just be our favorite. Along with the beautiful shade options available for a range of deeper complexions, the formula itself is noteworthy. Buildable and full-coverage, it’s ideal for using all over or to spot-conceal certain areas. It’s also infused with skin-loving antioxidants, which is always a good thing. You may also opt to downgrade to Standard Digital, a robust journalistic offering that fulfils many user’s needs. Compare Standard and Premium Digital here. For many, the Natural History Museum is a place that inspires learning, gives purpose and provides hope. People tell us they 'still get shivers walking through the front door', and thank us for inspiring the next generation of scientists. To reverse the damage we've done and protect the future, we need the knowledge that comes from scientific discovery. Understanding and protecting life on our planet is the greatest scientific challenge of our age. And you can help.